Washer-Disinfectors: A Buying Guide for Facility Managers

Executive buying summary

Washer-disinfectors are essential for the safe reprocessing of medical and surgical instruments, removing contaminants and reducing the risk of healthcare-associated infections. Selecting the correct type requires careful consideration of the instruments to be processed, throughput requirements and available space. Total cost of ownership is influenced by factors such as energy consumption, water usage, validation requirements and the need for specialist consumables. A significant risk is selecting a machine that is not validated for the specific instruments and processes within the facility.

• Thorough risk assessment is paramount before selecting any washer-disinfector to ensure suitability for the intended application.
• Adherence to relevant HTM guidance and ISO standards is essential for maintaining regulatory compliance and patient safety.
• Consideration of lifecycle costs, including maintenance, validation and consumables, is crucial for long-term financial planning.
• Proper training for all operators and validation personnel is vital for ensuring consistent and effective reprocessing.
• Regular performance monitoring and preventative maintenance are necessary to maintain equipment reliability and extend its operational lifespan.

Equipment types compared

Key features to look for

• Cycle Validation & Documentation: Ensure the machine offers comprehensive cycle validation and documentation capabilities to demonstrate process effectiveness and compliance. Ask for details on data logging and reporting functionality.
• Load Monitoring: Load monitoring systems confirm that instruments are correctly positioned and that water and detergent are dispensed appropriately. Inquire about the type of load monitoring system and its accuracy.
• Water Quality Monitoring: Consistent water quality is crucial for effective cleaning and disinfection. Check for integrated water quality monitoring systems and their ability to alert to deviations.
• Detergent/Enzymatic System: The detergent system should be compatible with the instruments and processes. Confirm the type of detergent used and its impact on materials.
• Drying Efficiency: Efficient drying prevents corrosion and microbial growth. Assess the drying system’s effectiveness and its impact on cycle time.
• Accessibility for Maintenance: Easy access to components for maintenance and repair minimizes downtime. Verify the accessibility of key components and the availability of service support.
• Noise Levels: Consider the noise levels, especially in environments where staff are in close proximity to the equipment. Request noise level specifications.
• Energy Efficiency: Energy consumption significantly impacts running costs. Check for energy-saving features and energy efficiency ratings.

Pros and cons of each equipment type

Manual Washer-Disinfector

Pros: Lower upfront cost, suitable for smaller volumes, simpler to operate.

Cons: Higher labour requirements, increased risk of human error, less consistent results.

Automated Rack Washer-Disinfector

Pros: Increased throughput, reduced labour costs, more consistent results.

Cons: Higher upfront cost, requires more space, more complex maintenance.

Tunnel Washer-Disinfector

Pros: Very high throughput, efficient use of space, automated process.

Cons: Highest upfront cost, requires significant infrastructure, complex validation.

Endoscope Washer-Disinfector

Pros: Specifically designed for endoscopes, automated cleaning and disinfection, reduced risk of damage.

Cons: Limited to endoscope reprocessing, can be expensive, requires dedicated space.

Low-Temperature Plasma (LTP) Steriliser

Pros: Suitable for heat-sensitive instruments, rapid cycle times, good penetration.

Cons: Higher running costs, potential for gas emissions, requires specialised ventilation.

Which facilities each type suits

• Manual Washer-Disinfector: Small clinics, dental practices with low instrument volumes.
• Automated Rack Washer-Disinfector: General hospitals, surgical centres, larger dental practices.
• Tunnel Washer-Disinfector: Large hospitals with high instrument volumes, central sterile services departments.
• Endoscope Washer-Disinfector: Hospitals with endoscopy units, specialist clinics.
• Low-Temperature Plasma (LTP) Steriliser: Hospitals and clinics with a high proportion of heat-sensitive instruments.

Buyer's checklist

1. Site Assessment: Evaluate available space, power supply, water supply and drainage capacity.
2. Risk Assessment: Conduct a thorough risk assessment to identify potential hazards and ensure suitability for the intended application.
3. Instrument Compatibility: Confirm the equipment is compatible with all instruments to be processed, considering materials and load types.
4. Validation Plan: Develop a comprehensive validation plan to demonstrate process effectiveness and compliance.
5. Operator Training: Ensure adequate training is provided for all operators and validation personnel.
6. Service Cover: Secure a reliable service cover agreement with readily available technicians.
7. Spares Availability: Confirm the availability of spare parts and their lead times.
8. Consumables Supply: Establish a reliable supply chain for detergents, enzymes and other consumables.
9. Regulatory Compliance: Verify compliance with all relevant HTM guidance, ISO standards and UK regulations.
10. Lifecycle Cost Analysis: Conduct a lifecycle cost analysis to assess the total cost of ownership over the equipment's lifespan.